A-Z Linux Terminal Shortcuts

Ctl-A       Moves cursor to beginning of line of text (on the command-line).
Ctl-B       Backspace (nondestructive).
Ctl-C       Break. Terminate a foreground job.
Ctl-D       Log out from a shell (similar to exit).
Ctl-E       Moves cursor to end of line of text (on the command-line).
Ctl-F       Moves cursor forward one character position (on the command-line).
Ctl-G       BEL. On some old-time teletype terminals, this would actually ring a bell.In an xterm it might beep.
Ctl-H       Rubout (destructive backspace). Erases characters the cursor backs over while  backspacing.
Ctl-I        Horizontal tab.
Ctl-J        Newline (line feed). In a script, may also be expressed in octal notation -- '\012' or in   hexadecimal -- '\x0a'.
Ctl-K       Vertical tab.  When typing text on the console or in an xterm window, Ctl-K erases  from the character under the cursor to end of line. Within a script, Ctl-K may behave  differently, as in Lee Lee Maschmeyer's example, below
Ctl-L       Formfeed (clear the terminal screen). In a terminal, this has the same effect as the  clear  command. When sent to a printer, a Ctl-L causes an advance to end of the paper sheet.
Ctl-N       Erases a line of text recalled from history buffer [20] (on the command-line).
Ctl-O       Issues a newline (on the command-line).
Ctl-P       Recalls last command from history buffer (on the command-line).
Ctl-Q       Resume (XON). This resumes stdin in a terminal.
Ctl-R       Backwards search for text in history buffer (on the command-line).
Ctl-S       Suspend (XOFF). This freezes stdin in a terminal. (Use Ctl-Q to restore input.)
Ctl-T       Reverses the position of the character the cursor is on with the previous character  (on the      command-line).
Ctl-U       Erase a line of input, from the cursor backward to beginning of line. In some settings, Ctl-U     erases the entire line of input, regardless of cursor position.
Ctl-X       In certain word processing programs, Cuts highlighted text and copies to clipboard.
Ctl-Y       Pastes back text previously erased (with Ctl-U or Ctl-W).
Ctl-Z       Pauses a foreground job.

Ways to Installing CHKROOTKIT on Linux server

 CHKROOTKIT
chkrootkit (Check Rootkit) is a common Unix-based program intended to help system administrators check their system for known rootkits. It is a shell script using common UNIX/Linux tools like the strings.

Environments for chkrootkit:
chkrootkit is tested on: Linux 2.0.x, 2.2.x, 2.4.x and 2.6.x,
FreeBSD 2.2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x, OpenBSD 2.x, 3.x and 4.x., NetBSD
1.6.x, Solaris 2.5.1, 2.6, 8.0 and 9.0, HP-UX 11, Tru64, BSDI and Mac
OS X.


1. Login to your server as root. (SSH)

2. Down load the chkrootkit.
Type: wget ftp://ftp.pangeia.com.br/pub/seg/pac/chkrootkit.tar.gz

3. Unpack the chkrootkit you just downloaded.
Type: tar xvzf chkrootkit.tar.gz

4. Change to new directory
Type: cd chkrootkit*

5. Compile chkrootkit
Type: make sense

6. Run chkrootkit
Type: ./chkrootkit

what the chkrootkit will do

1. It checks for signs of rootkits - chkrootkit, ifpromisc.c, chklastlog.c, chkwtmp.c, check_wtmpx.c, chkproc.c, chkdirs.c, strings.c, chkutmp.c; chkrootkit is the main module which controls all other modules.

2.chkrootkit checks system binaries for modifications. eg: find, grep, cron, crontab, echo, env, su, ifconfig, init, sendmail ...).

3.Next, it finds default files and directories of many rootkits (sniffer's logs, HiDrootkit's default dir, tOrn's default files and dirs...).

4.After that, it continues to look for default files and directories of known rootkits.


If it says "Checking `bindshell'... INFECTED (PORTS: 465)"
This is normal and it is NOT really a virus.

The following tests are made:

aliens asp bindshell lkm rexedcs sniffer wted w55808 scalper slapper z2 amd basename biff chfn chsh cron date du dirname echo egrep env find fingerd gpm grep hdparm su ifconfig inetd inetdconf init identd killall ldsopreload login ls lsof mail mingetty netstat named passwd pidof pop2 pop3 ps pstree rpcinfo rlogind rshd slogin sendmail sshd syslogd tar tcpd tcpdump top telnetd timed traceroute vdir w write.